Who has the power to declare war?

The power to declare war is vested in Congress according to the Constitution. Specifically, Article I, Section 8 grants Congress the authority to declare war, raise and support armies, and organize and govern the military. This foundation serves to ensure that the decision to engage in armed conflict is made collectively by the representatives of the people rather than by a single individual, promoting checks and balances within the federal government.

While the President, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, has significant power to direct military operations and respond to threats, the initial decision to officially declare war lies with Congress. This principle is deeply rooted in the democratic process, reflecting a commitment to a representative system where elected officials are accountable to their constituents regarding issues of national security and conflict. Thus, the correct answer highlights the constitutional division of powers that maintains a balance between branches of government in matters of war and peace.