Which Founding Father is associated with the idea of checks and balances?

James Madison is closely associated with the idea of checks and balances due to his pivotal role in the drafting of the United States Constitution and his contributions to The Federalist Papers. He understood that a system of checks and balances was essential to avoid the concentration of power in any one branch of government, which could lead to tyranny. Madison argued that each branch—the legislative, executive, and judicial—should have the ability to limit the powers of the others, thereby creating a balance that would protect individual liberties and promote fairness in governance. This foundational principle has become a cornerstone of the American political system, reflecting Madison's vision for a government that would remain accountable to the people.