Which amendment grants the right to freedom of speech?

The First Amendment is foundational to American democracy as it explicitly guarantees the right to freedom of speech, among other freedoms. It states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." This protection allows individuals to express their ideas and opinions freely without government interference, which is essential for a functioning democratic society.

The other amendments listed, while significant, cover different rights. The Second Amendment pertains to the right to bear arms, the Third Amendment addresses the quartering of soldiers in private homes, and the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Each of these amendments serves to protect specific rights but does not relate to the freedom of expression as established by the First Amendment.