What is meant by the "rule of law"?

The "rule of law" is a foundational principle that asserts that all individuals and institutions, including the government, are accountable to the law. This means that the law applies equally to everyone, irrespective of their position, and ensures that no one is above the law. This principle is crucial for maintaining justice and order within society, as it upholds the rights of individuals and provides a framework for legal recourse when those rights are violated.

In contrast, the other choices contradict the essence of the rule of law. The idea that the government can do anything it wants undermines accountability and suggests arbitrary power, which goes against the very notion of a legal system. The notion that only laws written by the President apply ignores the established legislative processes and principles of checks and balances inherent in a democratic system. Lastly, the belief that citizens can break laws without consequence erodes the foundation of law itself, as it would lead to chaos and a lack of respect for established legal norms. Thus, the correct answer highlights the principle that ensures fairness and equality before the law.