What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The two parts of the U.S. Congress are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is established in the U.S. Constitution and plays a crucial role in the legislative process. The Senate is composed of two senators from each state, regardless of population, ensuring equal representation for all states. In contrast, the House of Representatives is based on population, with larger states having more representatives. This structure allows for a balance between equal state representation and population-based representation in the law-making process, which is fundamental to the functioning of American democracy.

The options referencing the House of Lords or the judiciary do not pertain to the structure of the U.S. Congress, as the House of Lords belongs to the United Kingdom’s Parliament, and the judiciary is an entirely separate branch of government responsible for interpreting laws. The mention of the executive branch alongside the legislative branch is also misleading, as the executive is distinct from Congress and does not form part of its structure.