How many U.S. Senators are there?

The United States Senate is composed of 100 Senators. This number is derived from the fact that each state, regardless of population size, is allotted two Senators. Consequently, with a total of 50 states in the Union, the mathematics is straightforward: 50 states multiplied by 2 Senators each equals 100 Senators.

This structure is outlined in the U.S. Constitution, which establishes the Senate as a body meant to represent the states equally, contrasting with the House of Representatives, where representation is based on population. Options like 50, 435, and 200 reflect either a misunderstanding of the Senate's structure or pertain to different legislative bodies or statistics unrelated to the Senate. Thus, the correct answer highlights the foundational aspect of the Senate's equal representation of the states in Congress.